ADDIE is an instructional that helps instructors, instructional designers and plan and create instruction. The ADDIE model is used to create all kinds of instruction, from fifth grade social studies lessons to online computer programming courses. In this presentation, however, we will use simpler examples to illustrate the ADDIE principles.

The ADDIE model includes five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Let's take a closer look at the fifth phase, the evaluation phase. There are two parts to the evaluation phase: and .

Even though it is the final letter in the ADDIE acronym, most of the evaluation phase doesn't come last. You should actually be evaluating your instructional materials as you go through each part of the ADDIE process. This continual appraisement is called formative evaluation. Dick, Carey and Carey's instructional model outlines three basic stages of formative evaluation: , and a .

Let's say that you and a friend are going to be holding a basketball training camp for 11-year-olds and are showing a short video to help the kids learn the basic rules of basketball. During your one-to-one evaluation, you would want to test the of this video with a child close to the age and abilities as your actual learners. You would then ask them a series of questions about the effectiveness of the video. First, about the : was the message clear and easy to understand? Then ask about the : was it helpful in reaching the objectives and goals of the class? Finally, you would assess the : how practical is the video, given the time and context of the class?

When doing all of these assessments, it is important to make sure that you carefully write out your assessment questions beforehand. Make them clear, consistent and as objective as possible. Doing a number of one-to-one assessments for each of the workshop's activities will help you identify the most and least effective areas of your instruction and improve upon it.

After you have made improvements based on what you learned during your one-to-one evaluations, it will be time to do a small group evaluation. This will help you determine how effective those changes were, as well as monitor how well your activities work in a . It is best to choose participants that accurately represent the different subgroups that will be participating in your actual course. In our example, this would mean choosing children that are well versed in basketball as well as those that aren't as experienced. During this small group evaluation, you will once again assess the clarity, impact and feasibility of each of your activities.

Dick, Carey and Carey also recommend adding an , asking questions like this: Was the instruction interesting? Did you understand what you were supposed to learn? Were the materials directly related to the objectives? Were there sufficient ? Did the tests really measure your knowledge of the objectives? Did you receive sufficient ?

After you use a small group evaluation to further refine your instruction, you'll be ready to do a field trial. This is a real-time of all the instructional activities you have planned for your course. You will want to conduct it in a setting similar to the eventual to take into account any environmental variables. Once again, you will assess the clarity, impact and feasibility of your instruction and make changes accordingly. Then you will be ready to deliver your instruction.

The other stage in the evaluation phase is the summative evaluation. The purpose of a summative evaluation is to prove the worth of the instruction after it is completed. Kirkpatrick's model outlines four types of to evaluate: the reaction, learning, behavior and results. It is wise to document the of your learners. This is most easily done by writing a series of statements and having the students indicate how strongly they , like this: The basketball camp's objectives were clear to me. The drills and exercises fit in with the goals of the camp. The instructions we were given were clear and easy to understand.

It is also a good idea to document more specific reactions about the instructor, activities, assessments and , like this: The video on the rules of basketball was helpful and informative. The passing drill we did helped my passing abilities. The instructor was kind and treated me with respect. A few can be helpful as well, especially about the overall strengths and weaknesses of the course. And make sure to make your . This encourages learners to truly express their attitudes without fear of judgment or retribution. All of this feedback will once again help you know what went well in the course and what can be improved upon.

The next aspect to evaluate is the that took place. This is most typically done in the form of a that evaluates how well your students achieved your . Knowledge is typically assessed in . In our example, this could consist of testing your learners' understanding of the rules of basketball. Skills are typically assessed in . This could mean having students show you their passing, shooting and dribbling form while you took notes on a you constructed beforehand. Attitudes are typically assessed on questionnaires similar to the reaction surveys we talked about a moment ago.

evaluation involves measuring the of knowledge, skills and attitudes from the training context to the actual . It is especially important to track this in professional settings. If you trained call center employees on a new way of upselling customers, you will want to evaluate whether or not they are doing this on their actual calls. In our basketball camp example, this could mean seeing whether or not your students utilize the skills you taught them as they played basketball games outside your workshop.

Finally, you will want to measure the of your training. In professional settings, this could mean seeing how well the training affected things like profits, productivity, morale and . In our basketball example, this could mean assessing the training's effects on your players' confidence, enjoyment and win-loss rates.

So that's it for our basic overview of the evaluation phase of the ADDIE model. Conducting formative evaluations during each stage of the ADDIE process, as well as administering a summative evaluation after the course is , will help you make sure your course is helping reach your . Thanks for watching.